"use strict"; const {Fragment: _Fragment, jsx: _jsx, jsxs: _jsxs} = arguments[0]; const {useMDXComponents: _provideComponents} = arguments[0]; function _createMdxContent(props) { const _components = { a: "a", blockquote: "blockquote", code: "code", div: "div", em: "em", h2: "h2", h3: "h3", h4: "h4", h5: "h5", iframe: "iframe", li: "li", mermaid: "mermaid", p: "p", path: "path", pre: "pre", span: "span", strong: "strong", svg: "svg", table: "table", tbody: "tbody", td: "td", th: "th", thead: "thead", tr: "tr", ul: "ul", ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return _jsxs(_Fragment, { children: [_jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Java Collection Framework defines several classes and interfaces to represent ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Data+Structures", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Data Structures.md", children: "Data Structures" }), "."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Although, referred to as a framework, it functions more like a library with a collection of classes and interfaces." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "collection-hierarchy", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#collection-hierarchy", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Collection Hierarchy"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.mermaid, { config: "{}", chart: "\nclassDiagram\n\nclass Collection\n\n<> Collection\n\n \n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\nclass List\n\n<> List\n\n \n\nclass ArrayList\n\nclass LinkedList\n\nclass Vector\n\nclass Stack\n\n \n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\nclass Queue\n\n<> Queue\n\n \n\nclass PriorityQueue\n\nclass BlockingQueue\n\nclass PriorityBlockingQueue\n\nclass LinkedBlockingQueue\n\n \n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\nclass Set\n\n<> Set\n\nclass HashSet\n\nclass LinkedHashSet\n\nclass SortedSet\n\n<> SortedSet\n\nclass NavigableSet\n\n<> NavigableSet\n\nclass TreeSet\n\n \n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\nCollection <|-- List\n\nList <|-- ArrayList\n\nList <|-- LinkedList\n\nList <|-- Vector\n\nVector <|-- Stack\n\n \n\nCollection <|-- Queue\n\nQueue <|-- LinkedList\n\nQueue <|-- PriorityQueue\n\nQueue <|-- BlockingQueue\n\nBlockingQueue <|-- PriorityBlockingQueue\n\nBlockingQueue <|-- LinkedBlockingQueue\n\n \n\nCollection <|-- Set\n\nSet <|-- HashSet\n\nHashSet <|-- LinkedHashSet\n\nSet <|-- SortedSet\n\nSortedSet <|-- NavigableSet\n\nNavigableSet <|-- TreeSet\n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n\n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.mermaid, { chart: "\nclassDiagram\n\nclass Map\n\n<> Map\n\nclass HashMap\n\nclass Hashtable\n\nclass Properties\n\nclass IdentityHashMap\n\nclass SortedMap\n\n<> SortedMap\n\nclass NavigableMap\n\n<> NavigableMap\n\nclass TreeMap\n\nclass WeakHashMap\n\nclass Dictionary\n\n<> Dictionary\n\n \n\nMap <|-- HashMap\n\nMap <|-- Hashtable\n\nDictionary <|-- Hashtable\n\nHashtable <|-- Properties\n\nMap <|-- IdentityHashMap\n\nMap <|-- SortedMap\n\nSortedMap <|-- NavigableMap\n\nNavigableMap <|-- TreeMap\n\nSortedMap <|-- WeakHashMap\n" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "interfaces", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#interfaces", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Interfaces"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "collection", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#collection", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Collection"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Said to be root interface of collection framework (not really though)" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "No class implements Collection interface directly" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "dequeue", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#dequeue", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Dequeue"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Double-ended Queue." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Like a doubly linked list." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Any collection which implements these can be used to implement Stack and Queue." }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Some specific methods for this purpose" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "void addFirst(Object O)" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "void addLast(Object O)" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Object getFirst()" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Object getLast()" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Object removeFirst()" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Object removeLast()" }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Usually ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "LinkedList" }), " is used for this."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "classes", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#classes", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Classes"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Every Collection class is based on some standard data structure." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Important ones are listed below along with some use-cases" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.div, { className: "overflow-x-auto", children: _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, { children: "Collection Class" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Data Structure" }) }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Suitable for" }) }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "NOT suited for" }) }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Thread Safe" }) })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "ArrayList" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Resizable Array" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Frequent Retrieval" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Frequent Insertion/deleting from mid" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "LinkedList" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Doubly Linked List" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Implementing stack and queue, Insertion/deleting from mid" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Frequent retrieval" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Vector" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Resizable Array" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Frequent Retrieval" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Frequent Insertion/deleting from mid" }), _jsx(_components.td, {})] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Stack" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Stack" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "LIFO" }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {})] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {})] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "HashSet" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Hashtable" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Search Operations" }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "LinkedHashSet" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Hashtable + Linked List" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Cache-based Applications" }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "TreeSet" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Balanced Tree" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Cache-based Applications" }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {})] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "HashMap" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Hashtable" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Yes" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "TreeMap" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "No" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "groups-of-collections-with-similar-behaviorimplementations", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#groups-of-collections-with-similar-behaviorimplementations", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Groups of collections with similar behavior/implementations"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Certain groups of collection adhere to a common implementation strategy. Apart from these implementations, these group may also share some of the ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "#behavior", className: "internal", children: "##Behavior" }), "s."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "all-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#all-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "All Collections"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Collections are meant to be used for transferring data => All Collection Classes implement:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+Serialization#serializable", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object Serialization.md", children: "Object Serialization#`Serializable`" }) }), ": To transfer object from one place to another"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+cloning#cloneable", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object cloning.md", children: "Object cloning#`Cloneable`" }) }), ": When sent from one place to another, the receiver makes a copy of it and operates on it"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Constructors:" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "legacy-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#legacy-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Legacy Collections"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Vector" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Stack" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Hashtable" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Some legacy collections have additional \"legacy\" methods along with the other methods which they have inherited. These names may sound a bit boomer or longer, since they are legacy." }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["For example, ˇaddElements(Object O)", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "in Vector and" }), "enumeration()` in all legacy classes."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "It is recommended to use the modern methods and the legacy methods are only kept for backward compatibility." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "sorted-navigable-tree", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#sorted-navigable-tree", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Sorted, Navigable, Tree"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeSet" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeMap" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h5, { id: "sorted", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#sorted", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Sorted"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.div, { className: "overflow-x-auto", children: _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, { children: "Methods" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Returns" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "first()" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "first element" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "last()" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "last element" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "headSet(a)" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: ["elements less than ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "a" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "tailSet(a)" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: ["elements greater than or equal to ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "a" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "subSet(a,b)" }) }), _jsxs(_components.td, { children: ["elements between ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "a" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "b" }), " including ", _jsx(_components.em, { children: "a" })] })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "comparator()" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Comparator object which defines underlying sorting technique" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, {}), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "(If we're using default natural sorting order, then it simply returns null)" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Sorted collections use ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+Comparisons#comparable", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object Comparisons.md", children: "Object Comparisons#`Comparable`" }), " or ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+Comparisons#comparator", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object Comparisons.md", children: "Object Comparisons#`Comparator`" }), " to determine the natural ordering of the objects. If the class doesn't implement ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Comparable" }), " and no ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Comparator" }), " is passed, adding elements to the collection will result in a ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Core+Concepts/Issues#null-pointer-exception", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Core Concepts/Issues.md", children: "Issues#Null Pointer Exception" }), "."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Same methods are also applicable for Map." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h5, { id: "navigable", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#navigable", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Navigable"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Defines several methods for navigation." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "hash-based-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#hash-based-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Hash-based collections"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "HashMap" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "HashSet" }), ", ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Hashtable" }), " …"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["More in ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Data+Structures/HashMaps+and+Hash-based+collections", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Data Structures/HashMaps and Hash-based collections.md", children: "HashMaps and Hash-based collections" }), "."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "linked-list-based", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#linked-list-based", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Linked list based"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "References not stored contiguously → no shift operations required while adding/removing elements" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "thread-safe-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#thread-safe-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Thread-safe Collections"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "BlockingQueue" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h5, { id: "concurrent-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#concurrent-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Concurrent Collections"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "ConcurrentHashMap" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "ConcurrentLinkedQueue" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, {}), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "enum", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#enum", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Enum"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "fixed-size-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#fixed-size-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Fixed size collections"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "ArrayBlockingQueue" }), " , ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "LinkedBlockingQueue" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "behavior", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#behavior", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Behavior"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "💡 Collection classes only deviate from behaviors of their parent when it stops them from implementing their intended behavior." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "allowed-elements", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#allowed-elements", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Allowed elements"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["All collections ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "allow heterogeneous objects" }), " (except ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeSet" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeMap" }), ").\n", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeSet" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TreeMap" }), " store elements in a particular sorted order by comparing them. Comparing null values throws ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "NullPointerException" }), " which is why they don't allow it."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Duplicate and null values", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Adding duplicates in collections which don't allow it doesn't generally throw any exception. Usually the ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "add()" }), " or ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "addAll()" }), " method will just return ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "false" }), " in such cases."] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.div, { className: "overflow-x-auto", children: _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, {}), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Duplicates" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "null insertion" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "List" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Allowed" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "allowed" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Set" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "NOT Allowed" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "allowed" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Queue" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Allowed" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "allowed" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Map" }) }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Allowed for values" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "allowed" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "List" }), " is the most straightforward implementation. Similar to an array of a linked list, it allows duplicates and keeps the ordering as you insert it. No acrobatics. It also allows null values."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Set" }), " as the name suggests, is like mathematical sets. By definition, mathematical sets can't have duplicates. But there can be \"null\" or empty sets. So it allows null values."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Queue" }), "s in general allow duplicates. It generally doesn't allow null elements either but if allowed - it should be avoided"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "From Javadoc:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.blockquote, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Queue implementations generally do not allow insertion of null elements, although some implementations, such as LinkedList, do not prohibit insertion of null. Even in the implementations that permit it, null should not be inserted into a Queue, as null is also used as a special return value by the poll method to indicate that the queue contains no elements." }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["null values are treated as any other values in collections which allow it. For example, ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Set" }), "s allow null values but they don't allow duplicates, so even if you add ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "null" }), " twice, it will be treated as one. Similarly, ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Map" }), "s only allow one ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "null" }), " value in key and multiple ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "null" }), " value as values."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "capacity", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#capacity", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Capacity"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Default Initial Capacity" }), ": The initial capacity assigned to a Collection class object by default, if not specified while initializing the object."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Fill Ratio/Load Factor" }), ": The percentage or ratio of capacity which when reached will result in increasing of the capacity."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Resizing Strategy" }), ": How much the capacity will be increased upon reaching threshold.\nFor example, if the initial default capacity is 10 and fill ratio is 0.7 - the capacity will increase once 7 places are filled."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "common-patterns", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#common-patterns", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Common patterns"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Although there is no universal pattern for these properties, but some common patterns are observed due to the design decisions." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.div, { className: "overflow-x-auto", children: _jsxs(_components.table, { children: [_jsx(_components.thead, { children: _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.th, {}), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Default Initial Capacity" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Load factor" }), _jsx(_components.th, { children: "Resizing Strategy" })] }) }), _jsxs(_components.tbody, { children: [_jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Array-based collections" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "10" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "1+" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Triggered when array is full 1.5x + 1 in ArrayList, 2x in Vector" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Hash-based collections" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "16" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "0.75" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "2x" })] }), _jsxs(_components.tr, { children: [_jsx(_components.td, { children: "Fixed-capacity collections" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "Explicit" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "NA" }), _jsx(_components.td, { children: "NA" })] })] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Initial capacity for hash-based collections is and should be chosen as a reasonable balance between space efficiency and performance." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Array-based collections usually have slightly lower default capacities to avoid unessecary memory allocation. New array is created with the new capacity once array is full. Keepign initial capacity also prevents too many elements to be copied while resizing." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Some collections which are based on dynamic data structures, like ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "LinkedList" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Tree-based collections" }), ", and have default initial capacity as 0. Elements are added as they come."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Vector" }), " also allows to pass an incrementalCapacity by which the capacity will be increased if it is full (instead of doing 2x)."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "ordering-of-elements", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#ordering-of-elements", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Ordering of elements"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "In general:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "List" }), " collections maintain insertion order."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Queue" }), " FIFO"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Set" }), ": Ordering usually doesn't matter in mathematical sets, so the interface leaves ordering upto its implementations."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "But ordering of elements is based more on the behavior/data structure the collection class intends to implement:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Linked collections" }), " (Linked*): Maintain insertion order."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Hash-based collections" }), " (Hash*): Elements stored in order of hash codes."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Sorted Collections" }), " (Tree* and Sorted*): Elements sorted based on natural order or provided ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Comparator" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Priority-based Collections" }), ": Ordered according to priority"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Stack" }), ": Even though it implements list, it orders elements in LIFO."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "constructors", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#constructors", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Constructors"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Almost all Collection framework classes have the usual nullary constructor." }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Collection" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " c ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "CollectionImplementation" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Exceptions: Fixed size collections and some concurrent collections" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Most mainstream ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Collection" }), " implementations provide an overloaded constructor that accepts object of any ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Collection" }), " implementation."] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Collection" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " c ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "CollectionImplementation" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "someOtherCollection", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Exceptions:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Legacy collections" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Tree/Sorted collections: because how will it decide the sorting of ths usual collections." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Concurrent collections:", "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Initializing concurrent collection with non-concurrent collection might cause thread-safety issues" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Some concurrent collection might require more information for initializing" }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "Fixed-size collections: Taking in collection which exceed the fixed size might cause issue" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["All ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Map" }), " implementations provide an overloaded constructor which accepts object of ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Map" }), " (including legacy, sorted and concurrent ones).", "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Map" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "V" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " m ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "MapImplementation" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "V" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "someOtherMap", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Some other collections offer additional overloaded constructors:" }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Array-based" }), " collections and ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Fixed size" }), " collections:"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "ArrayList" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " al2 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "ArrayList" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "int" }), " initialCapacity", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Hash-based collections" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Hash___" }), " h ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Hash___" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "int" }), " initialCapacity", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Hash___" }), " h ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Hash___" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "int" }), " initialCapacity", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "float" }), " loadFactor", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "Tree/sorted" }), " collections"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Tree___" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Comparator" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "?" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "super" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " comparator", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Tree___" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Sorted___" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token generics", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "?" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "extends" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "K" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "?" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "extends" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "V" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ">" })] }), " m", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Vector" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Vector" }), " v ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "new" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Vector" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "int" }), " initialCapacity", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "int" }), " incrementalCapacity", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }) }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "utilities", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#utilities", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Utilities"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "iterating-over-collections", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#iterating-over-collections", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Iterating over collections"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "Although there are multiple iterators offered by the framework. The most common usage is as below:" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-java", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-java code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Iterator" }), " i ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " c", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "iterator" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: "\n" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "while" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), "i", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "hasNext" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: ["\ti", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "." }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token function", children: "next" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["For more details about different types of iterators. See ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Data+Structures/Iterators", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Data Structures/Iterators.md", children: "Iterators" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "collections-class", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#collections-class", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Collections" }), " Class"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Utility class (", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "java.util.package" }), ") which defines several methods for collection objects.\nMost of these methods are static."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h4, { id: "methods", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#methods", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Methods"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h5, { id: "static-sort-and-static-sortcomparator-c", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#static-sort-and-static-sortcomparator-c", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "static sort()" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "static sort(Comparator c)" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["Sorts the collection objects (if ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+Comparisons#comparable", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object Comparisons.md", children: "Object Comparisons#`Comparable`" }), ") either based on their natural ordering, or based on the ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard+Library/Core/Object+LM/Object+Comparisons#comparator", className: "internal", "data-fs-resolved-file-path": "/CS/Languages/Java/Standard Library/Core/Object LM/Object Comparisons.md", children: "Object Comparisons#`Comparator`" }), " if passed."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["⚠️ If the class doesn't implement ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Comparable" }), " and ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "sort" }), " is called without a ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Comparator" }), ", it will throw a ", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/ClassCastException", className: "internal new", children: "dev.issues.exception.types.unchecked.class cast exception" }), "."] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "important-distinctions", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#important-distinctions", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Important Distinctions"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "array-vs-arraylist", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#array-vs-arraylist", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Array vs ArrayList"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["The main difference lies in the dynamic and resizable nature of ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "ArrayList" }), ". You don't even have to specify an initial size in ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "ArrayList" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "common-distinction-between-legacy-collections-and-their-modern-counterparts", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#common-distinction-between-legacy-collections-and-their-modern-counterparts", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Common distinction between legacy collections and their modern counterparts"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "ArrayList vs Vectors / HashMap vs Hashtable" }) }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["Legacy collections are thread-safe. Their modern counterparts aren't.\n", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Vector" }), "(and even ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Stack" }), ")/Hashtable is thread-safe (most methods are synchronised)\n", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "ArrayList" }), "/", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "HashMap" }), " is not."] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: "💡 If something is thread-safe, it will inevitably have a lower performance in comparison to a corresponding non-synchronised something." }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "size-vs-capacity", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#size-vs-capacity", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "size()" }), " vs ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "capacity()" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "size = number of objects currently" }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: "capacity = number of objects which can be accommodated" }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "references", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#references", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "References"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/collections/overview.html#:~:text=Not%2C%20strictly%20speaking%2C%20a%20part%20of%20the%20collections,and%20relies%20on%20some%20of%20the%20same%20infrastructure.", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "Collections Framework Overview - Java - Oracle Documentation" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://andbin.dev/java/why-some-collections-cannot-be-heterogeneous", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "Why some collections can't allow heterogenous objects?" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28147076/understanding-queue-insertion", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "Understand Queue Insertion - Stack Overflow" }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h3, { id: "hashmaps", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#hashmaps", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "Hashmaps"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ul, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.div, { style: { position: "relative", paddingBottom: "56.25%" }, children: _jsx(_components.iframe, { style: { position: "absolute", top: "0", left: "0", width: "100%", height: "100%" }, src: "https://www.youtube.com/embed/c3RVW3KGIIE", allowFullScreen: true, frameBorder: "0", allow: "accelerometer autoplay clipboard-write encrypted-media gyroscope picture-in-picture" }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6493605/how-does-a-java-hashmap-handle-different-objects-with-the-same-hash-code#18492835", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "How does a Java HashMap handle different objects with the same hash code?" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://dzone.com/articles/java8-hashmap-implementation-and-performance", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "Java 8 HashMap Implementation and Performance - DZone Java" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://www.developer.com/design/java-hashed-collections/", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "Java Hashed Collections" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.li, { children: _jsx(_components.a, { href: "https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36313817/what-are-the-differences-between-hashtable-and-hashmap-not-specific-to-java", target: "_blank", rel: "noopener noreferrer", children: "What are the differences between hashtable and hashmap? 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